Mammals are a very important group of animals in the continuity of ecological processes. This group of animals that have several specific characteristics; the most famous one is their mammary glands. There is a wide range of species that can be categorized as mammals, including elephants, monkeys, bats, and kangaroos.
What are mammals?
The term “mammals” comes from the Latin word “mamma” which means nipple. The term was first created and introduced by Carl Linnaeus in 1758. Mammals are famously known as the group of animals that have mammary glands to produce milk as a source of food for their young ones.
Typically, mammals reproduce by giving birth to their young ones. However, there are a group of mammals that lay eggs instead of giving birth known as Monotremata—animals that don’t have nipples for breastfeeding but have mammary glands so are still classified as mammals.
What makes a mammal?
Animals classified as mammals usually have specific common characteristics that differentiate them from other animal groups. Some of these characteristics aren’t even shared by other animals. Here are the characteristics of mammals that you need to know:
- They have mammary glands.
- They breathe through the lungs.
- They’re warm-blooded because they can regulate and maintain their body temperature, so it isn’t affected by the environment.
- Most of them reproduce by giving birth, but some lay eggs.
- Most of them have hair on the surface of their body.
- Most of them live on land, but there are those that live in water.
What are the different types of mammals?
Mammals are divided into several categories, also known as orders, based on the similarities in their characteristics. Let’s take a closer look at some of the orders and the species that belong to them.
Monotremata
Monotremata is the only group of mammals that reproduces by laying eggs. In Indonesia, Monotremes can only be found in Papua. The animals of this order have only one opening for their digestive, reproductive, and urinary tracts.
Their females don’t have nipples but have mammary glands. The milk from the mammary glands comes out through openings in their skin or the hair on their stomachs. Some examples of monotremes are platypus and echidna.
Dasyuromorphia
Dasyuromorphia is a group of marsupials with many incisor teeth. Animals in this order are meat-eating (carnivorous) and more active at night. They have four legs, a hairy tail, and a pointed snout. These marsupials also have a larger skull and a tail shorter than their body length. A famous example of this order is the extinct Tasmanian devil.
Peramelemorphia
Peramelemorphia is a group of mammals that have a pouch. The animals in this order have a long, pointed nose, a short neck, and a long tube-like pouch that is connected to the uterus and embryo. They also have four legs and a stocky body shape. Some species have ears that are very similar to rabbit ears.
The animals in this group eat both meat and plants (omnivorous). They’re nocturnal animals with good eyesight and smell. They usually eat insects, leaves, or tubers, such as mice and bandicoots.
Diprotodontia
Diprotodontia is the most diverse group of marsupials. The group consists of a very large number of species, 125 to be exact. The animals that belong to this group are arboreal. They walk on two legs and have specific attributes, including their ability to jump long distances and their habit of digging holes for shelter.
Diprotodontia have fused toes on their hind paws. Most of these animals are plant-eating (herbivorous), but some of them are omnivorous. The most famous example of Diprotodontia is the kangaroo.
Eulipotyphla
Eulipotyphla is a group of insect-eating mammals although their body weight is usually less than 20 grams. Eulipotyphla animals live on land and have a body like mice with a long and pointed snout. Their snout and the hair around the snout are navigational sensors used for hunting their prey.
An example of Eulipotyphla is the thick-tailed shrew (Crocidura brunnea)—a species of mammals found on the islands of Java and Bali, which has pointed teeth to chew and bite its prey. The incisor teeth of these animals are also very suitable for gripping their food.
What are other types of mammals?
- Insectivores—a group of small mammals that eat insects such as shrews and small brown squirrels.
- Chiroptera—a group of mammals that can fly, such as bats.
- Carnivores—a group of meat-eating mammals that have strong teeth as well as large and sharp fangs, such as lions.
- Cetacea—a group of aquatic mammals with a body like fish and live in water, including dolphins and whales.
- Primates—a group of mammals whose eyes face forward, such as orangutans and langurs.
- Proboscidea—a group of mammals that have a trunk, such as elephants.
- Sirenia—a group of aquatic herbivorous mammals with forelimbs like fins, such as dugongs.
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